浸润可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他水肿.. Urachal Cyst 腹尿管肾脏A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )腹尿管肾脏见于腹和膀胱之间，不一定地处腹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅有地处腹下。这些肾脏可平庸为完全无水声或较差水声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 所示11A，腹尿管肾脏，此肾脏已受感染，内部含有微小水声的液体。B，腹尿管肾脏，错愕的肾脏前壁产生反射光伪影。

..Endometriosis小肠小肠乳癌Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).面有小肠小肠乳癌是小肠切除术后的长期合并症，无特殊平庸，但可于以前切除术的瘢痕处见一局部肿物，并有周期病态的头痛和发炎。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 所示12 ，剖宫产脸上处小肠小肠乳癌

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 面有血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).颈直肌鞘血肿可揭开序幕猝死病态头痛后、浑身或癫痫猝死后，其根本原因不一定是抗凝治疗或出血病态疾病。由于血肿放宽于颈直肌鞘内，不一定不很大，其形状根据所处一段距离而定，在弓状两条路线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下方向，可于一侧见到（所示13A）；在弓状两条路线以下，由于颈白两条路线缺如，可扩充横过中两条路线，因此血肿平庸为分叶状，其最大长度地处中点上。在婴儿面有血肿可见于腹上横向扩充（所示13B、C）。术后不规则病态颈腔内凋亡的治疗可于面有切除术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（所示13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 所示13A，一中年妇女剧烈头痛后颈直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示颈横筋膜。B，婴儿面有血肿。C，一婴儿腹静脉连在一起处上面的面有血肿。UV，腹静脉。D，一不规则病态颈腔内凋亡的剖宫产术后治疗左眼处面有血肿。

分页: [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] 编辑： 张靖